Research Limitations

This study used a cross-sectional design. The data was not longitudinal and taken at a time, so this will limit the causal interpretation of the research results. In addition, self-reported questionnaires have the potential to cause a statement because the respondents would give subjective responses. Besides, the fact that the same person perceives predictor and criterion variables can be potential sources of common method variance. Therefore, further research is expected to use a longitudinal design in order to capture the diversity of phenomena that could potentially occur from time to time.