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  • The Americas and the Columbian Exchange
    COURSE INTRODUCTION
    Course Syllabus
    Unit 1: Industrialization and Theories of Economic Change
    1.1: The Industrial Revolution in England
    Industrial Revolutions
    Origins of the Industrial Revolution
    The Industrial Revolution
    1.2: Mercantilism
    Mercantilism
    Exploration and Mercantilism
    1.3: Capitalism and the Invisible Hand: Adam Smith
    Adam Smith
    The Wealth of Nations, 1776
    1.4: A National System: Friedrich List
    Friedrich List
    National System of Political Economy
    1.5: The Communist Manifesto: Karl Marx
    Karl Marx
    The Communist Manifesto
    1.6: The Protestant Work Ethic: Max Weber
    Max Weber
    Max Weber: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
    1.7: Creative Destruction: Joseph Schumpeter
    Joseph Schumpeter
    On the Concept of Social Value
    1.8: Import Substitution Industrialization
    Import Substitution Industrialization
    1.9: The Stages of Growth Theory: Walt Rostow
    Rostow's Stages of Growth and Political Policy
    Globalization and Development
    1.10: Dependency Theory
    Dependence Theory
    Outgrowing Resource Dependence Theory and Some Recent Developments
    Unit 1 Assessment
    Unit 1 Assessment
    Unit 2: Ancient and Early Modern Industry
    2.1: Applying Industry to Agriculture
    Why Agriculture Was So Important
    2.2: Ancient Industrial Production
    Ancient Roman Mining and Quarrying Techniques
    Roman Glass
    Four Great Inventions
    Metallurgical Evolution in Ancient China
    2.3: Early Merchant Capitalism
    How Did the World Become Interconnected?
    Trade Empires
    Guilds, Wool, and Trade: Medieval England in a Global Economy
    Rebuilding the Silk Road
    The Dutch East India Company
    Unit 2 Assessment
    Unit 2 Assessment
    Unit 3: Capitalism, Agriculture, Industry, and Trade
    3.1: The Agricultural Revolution in Europe
    Where and Why Did the First Cities and States Appear?
    18th-Century Inventions that Transformed Agriculture
    3.2: Cottage Industry and Handicraft Production
    From the Early-Modern Workshop to the Modern Factory
    Shifts in Production
    3.3: The Columbian Exchange
    Exploration and Global Trade
    Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange
    The Americas and the Columbian Exchange
    3.4: The Atlantic Slave Trade: "Free" Labor from Africa
    Summary of the Transatlantic Slave Trade
    The Atlantic Slave Trade: What Too Few Textbooks Told You
    3.5: Proto-Industrialization and Trade in Qing China
    The Macartney Expedition and the Global Economy
    Rise and Fall of Canton Trade System
    3.6: The Opium Wars and Western Imperialism
    The Opium Wars
    The First Opium War
    Unit 3 Assessment
    Unit 3 Assessment
    Unit 4: The Industrial Revolution in England
    4.1: Coal Mining in England
    The Shift to Coal
    Lives and Work of Coal Miners in Industrial England
    History: The Bedrock of Industry
    4.2: The Steam Engine
    The Spread of Steam Power
    Steam Power during the Industrial Revolution
    The Early Diffusion of the Steam Engine in Britain, 1700–1800: A Reappraisal
    4.3: Revolutionizing Wool and Cotton Spinning
    Textile Manufacturing
    Technological Developments in Textiles
    Leeds Woolen Workers Petition, 1786
    4.4: Resistance to Mechanization
    The Luddites
    Machine-Breaking in England and France
    4.5: The Factory System
    The First Factories
    The Philosophy of the Manufacturers
    The Life of the Industrial Worker in 19th-Century England
    4.6: Iron
    Changes to Iron Production
    Steel Production
    The Drama of Steel
    Steel
    4.7: New Transportation Routes
    The Railroad's Effect on Time and Distance
    Railways
    Manufacturing, Railways, and Industry: Early Days
    The Transcontinental Railroad and the Pullman Car
    New Transportation Systems
    Unit 4 Assessment
    Unit 4 Assessment
    Unit 5: The Social and Political Impact of Industrialization
    5.1: Urban Migration and Growth of Industrial Cities
    Urbanization and Its Challenges
    The Transformation of Cities and the Urban Experience
    19th-Century Cities
    5.2: Women as Industrial Workers
    Women's Work in the Industrial Revolution
    Women's Roles in the Industrial Revolution
    Women Miners in the English Coal Pits
    The Rise of the Victorian Working Lady: The New-Style Nurse and the Typewriter, 1840–1900
    5.3: Widespread Use of Child Labor
    The Children That Lived Through the Industrial Revolution
    Child Labor during the British Industrial Revolution
    Child Labor
    5.4: A New Social Order in Victorian England
    The Victorian Era (1832–1901)
    Industrial Manchester, 1844
    Changes in the Quality of Life in the Victorian Empire
    How the Mid-Victorians Worked, Ate, and Died
    Rural Hygiene
    5.5: Wealth from Industry and Global Trade
    The Origins of Class Society
    The Gospel of Wealth, 1889
    5.6: Negative Effects of Industry Prompt Demands for Change
    Socialist Economics
    Conflict Theory and Society
    Documents of the Revolution of 1848 in France
    Marx's Theories of Alienation, Class, and Exploitation
    Political Ideologies, Movements, Culture, Science, and Pseudo-Science
    5.7: Political Reforms Stave Off Revolution in Britain
    Why No Revolution in 1848 in Britain?
    On Chartism
    On the Reform Act of 1832
    On the Second Reform Act, 1867
    Unit 5 Assessment
    Unit 5 Assessment
    Unit 6: Mass Production, the Labor Movement, and the Consumer Society
    6.1: Large Corporations
    The Corporation as a Protagonist in Global History 1550–1750
    Good Corporation, Bad Corporation: Corporate Social Responsibility in the Global Economy
    6.2 Invention and Protection of Trade Secrets
    Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
    Inventors of the Age
    How Monopolies Form: Barriers to Entry
    Telephone and Light Patent Drawings
    6.3: Cartels and Monopoly Capitalism
    Oligopoly
    The Progressive Era and the Rise of Crony Capitalism
    The Lords of Industry
    6.4: Standardization and Industrial Management: Henry Ford and Frederick Taylor
    Henry Ford
    The Assembly Line
    Frederick W. Taylor
    The Principles of Scientific Management, 1911
    6.5: Workers and Capitalists in the United States
    Life in Industrial America
    Capital and Labor
    Building Industrial America on the Backs of Labor
    6.6: Workers and Capitalists in Europe
    Mass Politics and the Political Challenge from the Left
    Capitalism and Its Critics: A Long-Term View
    Estranged Labour
    6.7: Workers and Capitalists in Asia
    Political Protest in Interwar Japan
    Labor Unions in Japan
    Chinese Tailors' Strike in Shanghai
    6.8: Industrialized Agriculture
    Industrial Agriculture
    More on Industrial Agriculture
    Modern Agriculture Effects
    6.9: Mass Communications and Mass Marketing
    The Rise of Penny Newspapers and Their Influence on Mass Media
    The Evolution of Media
    A New American Consumer Culture
    What Is Advertising Doing to Your Life?
    Unit 6 Assessment
    Unit 6 Assessment
    Unit 7: Economic Crisis and War in the 20th Century
    7.1: Industrial Rivalry in Europe
    Division of the World among Capitalist Associations
    7.2: Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa
    Imperialists and Boy Scouts
    Scramble for Africa
    Imperialism
    More on Imperialism
    American Empire
    7.3: Industrialized Warfare
    World War I
    Technology during World War I
    Technologies at War
    7.4: The United States and World War I
    World War I and Its Aftermath
    The Great War to the Roaring Twenties
    Reluctant Leader of the World and Ideological Challenges to American Capitalism: 1914–1945
    7.5: American Boom and Bust in the 1920s
    Agricultural Depression 1920–1934
    Great Depression: Turning Point and Recovery
    The Great Depression
    7.6: The U.S. Economy during the Second World War
    World War II
    Causes of World War II
    How Rosie the Riveter Led to the 1950s Baby Boom
    7.7: Postwar Planning and the Bretton Woods Conference
    The Transformative Impact of World War II
    The Affluent Society
    The Bretton Woods System
    The Breakup of the Bretton Woods System, 1973
    7.8: The Marshall Plan
    George Marshall's Speech
    The Marshall Plan and Molotov Plan
    Unit 7 Assessment
    Unit 7 Assessment
    Unit 8: Alternative Models of Industrialization
    8.1: Early Days of the Soviet Union: Lenin's New Economic Policy
    1917: Economic Apparatus
    1921: Famine of 1921–22
    1921: Militarization of Labor
    1921: Kronstadt Uprising
    1921: The New Economic Policy
    1921: Trade Pacts with the West
    1921: Workers' Opposition
    8.2: The Soviet Union: Stalinist Industrialization
    1924: Industrialization Debate
    1929: Shock Workers
    First Five-Year Plan
    1929: Year of Great Change
    8.3: The Great Divergence
    Silk and the Song Dynasty
    Review of the Great Divergence
    Technology and Technical Knowledge in the Great Divergence
    8.4: The Chinese Revolution and the Great Leap Forward
    The Chinese Communist Revolution in a Global Perspective
    Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Revolution 1945–1949
    Great Leap Forward
    The Rebellion of Temporary Workers and the Chinese Cultural Revolution
    8.5: Seclusion of Japan and New Industrial Policies
    From the Edo Period to Meiji Restoration in Japan
    Edo Period
    Meiji Restoration
    The Merchant's Tale: One Family's Experience of the Meiji Restoration
    Black Ships and Samurai
    8.6: India: Industrialization under British Rule
    Colonial Rule and Its Effects on India's Rural Economy
    The Political Development of the Modern Indian State
    Infrastructure and Railroads
    Unit 8 Assessment
    Unit 8 Assessment
    Study Guide
    HIST363 Study Guide
    Course Feedback Survey
    Course Feedback Survey
    Certificate Final Exam
    HIST363: Certificate Final Exam
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  1. HIST363: Global Perspectives on Industrialization
  2. Unit 3: Capitalism, Agriculture, Industry, and Trade
  3. 3.3: The Columbian Exchange
  4. The Americas and the Columbian Exchange

The Americas and the Columbian Exchange

Completion requirements

Watch these videos about the Columbian Exchange. In particular, they cover some of the more complex and subtle points of this turning point in global history.




Source: Dan Allosso, https://youtu.be/-MmfEsW7Ix0?si=_YxnxunTrwzvAOxG, https://youtu.be/uz0oUs9JkOE?si=fm9hOQfqSLThnOlf, https://youtu.be/htyxhWtq3MI?si=72T8E1JSnsz6TOhG
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Last modified: Wednesday, June 5, 2024, 11:06 AM
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Saylor Academy © 2010-2025 except as otherwise noted. Excluding course final exams, content authored by Saylor Academy is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. Third-party materials are the copyright of their respective owners and shared under various licenses. See detailed licensing information. Saylor Academy®, Saylor.org®, and Harnessing Technology to Make Education Free® are trade names of the Constitution Foundation, a 501(c)(3) organization through which our educational activities are conducted.