6. Short-circuit Evaluation



Answer:
The whole expression will be false, because && combines two falses into false.
flour >= 4 && sugar >= 2
 ---------     --------
   false   &&    false
      ---------------
          false 






Short-circuit Evaluation





    

    

    

        

            

                

            

        

    











    





    

        
In fact, as soon as the first false is detected, you know that the entire expression must be false, because false AND anything is false.

    





    

        
flour >= 4 && sugar >= 2
 ---------    ------------
   false   &&  does not matter
      ---------------
          false 

    





    

        
As an optimization, Java only evaluates an expression as far as needed to determine the value of the entire expression. When the program runs, as soon as flour >= 4 is found to be false, the entire expression
            is known to be false, and the false branch of the if statement is taken. This type of optimization is called short-circuit evaluation. (See the chapter on this topic.)

        
Here is a full Java version of the cookie program. Compile and run the program with various values of flour and sugar to check that you understand how AND works.




    
        

        

        

            
                
// Cookie Ingredients Checker
//
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CookieChecker
{
  public static void main (String[] args) 
  { 
    // Declare a Scanner and two integer variables
    Scanner scan = new Scanner( System.in );
    int sugar, flour; 
    // get the number of cups of flour
    System.out.println("How much flour do you have?");
    flour = scan.nextInt(); 
    // get the number of cups of sugar
    System.out.println("How much sugar do you have?");
    sugar = scan.nextInt(); 
    // check that there are enough of both ingredients
    
    if ( flour >= 4 &&  sugar >= 2 )
      System.out.println("Enough for cookies!" );
    else
      System.out.println("sorry...." );
  }
}

            		
        

    







    

        

    





    















Question 6:
Try the program with exactly enough flour and sugar. Can you bake cookies?