3.3 Backward Design
3.3 Backward Design
Video: Backward Design
Watch from 11:15 — Starting with the end in mind
Backward Design, developed by Wiggins and McTighe, flips the traditional design process. Instead of starting with content, designers start with the desired learning outcomes and work backward:
- Identify desired results: What should learners know and be able to do?
- Determine acceptable evidence: How will we know learners have achieved the outcomes? (Design assessments first.)
- Plan learning experiences: What instruction and activities will prepare learners to demonstrate mastery?
Comparing the Three Models
| Model | Approach | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Dick & Carey | Systematic, step-by-step | Complex, large-scale projects requiring detailed planning |
| PIE | Streamlined three-phase | Practical projects needing a simplified framework |
| Backward Design | Outcomes-first, work backward | Ensuring tight alignment between outcomes, assessments, and instruction |
Self-Check: Unit 3
1. A designer begins a project by writing the final exam before creating any instructional content. Which model is being applied?
Reveal Answer
Backward Design — this model starts with desired outcomes and assessment design before planning learning experiences.
2. Which model would be most appropriate for a large university developing a comprehensive, multi-semester curriculum?
Reveal Answer
Dick & Carey Model — its highly systematic, step-by-step approach is best suited for complex, large-scale projects.
3. The PIE Model consolidates the ADDIE framework into how many phases, and what are they?
Reveal Answer
Three phases: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation. Planning encompasses ADDIE’s Analysis and Design; Implementation covers Development and deployment; Evaluation aligns with ADDIE’s Evaluation phase.
